Abstract

Our analysis examined the creative process of contemporary freehand flower-and-bird painters, exploring how Zen thought influences their work. Interviews with artists revealed a deep connection to nature, emphasizing its beauty, impermanence, and interconnectedness. This theme translated into their subject matter, with a focus on natural elements like birds, flowers, and bamboo. Symbolism was also employed, incorporating elements with specific Zen meanings, such as bamboo representing resilience and the cherry blossom symbolizing impermanence. Interestingly, artists avoided imbuing their subjects with human emotions, respecting the inherent life force of nature in line with Zen philosophy. The concept of Zen aesthetics also played a significant role. Artists highlighted the importance of negative space in their paintings, reflecting Zen's concept of "emptiness" and inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between subject and space. Muted colours were favoured, creating a sense of peace and harmony with nature, reminiscent of a Zen Garden. Additionally, asymmetry and imperfections were intentionally embraced to embody wabi-sabi, a core principle of Zen aesthetics that celebrates beauty in imperfection.