Abstract

This study explores the philosophical and spiritual dimensions of female representation in Chinese and Japanese Otome games, examining their role in shaping contemporary feminist discourse and evolving cultural identities. By adopting a cross-cultural comparative approach, the research analyzes how these games construct female roles and reflect shifting attitudes toward gender, agency, and morality within their respective societies. It further investigates how Confucian, Shinto, and Buddhist influences inform the portrayal of femininity, virtue, and self-realization in Otome narratives, shaping not only entertainment experiences but also deeper philosophical and ethical reflections. Findings indicate that Otome games in Japan and China present distinct frameworks of female identity, shaped by historical, social, and religious traditions. While Japanese Otome games often emphasize traditional romantic ideals influenced by Shinto and Confucian ethics, Chinese Otome games increasingly integrate progressive feminist elements while retaining cultural values rooted in collectivism and virtue ethics. Furthermore, as Chinese Otome games absorb international influences, they exhibit an emerging synthesis of feminist thought with spiritual and moral considerations, contributing to the formation of a "new female culture" that navigates between tradition and modernity. By situating these findings within the broader discourse of religious philosophy and gender studies, this paper offers insights into the intersection of spirituality, gaming, and cultural evolution. The research argues that Otome games serve not only as entertainment media but also as platforms for philosophical reflection on gender roles, selfhood, and moral agency. Future studies should further explore the theological and ethical implications of digital narratives in shaping contemporary understandings of femininity, empowerment, and spiritual identity.