Abstract

This study explores the ethical and religious dimensions of international cooperation and conflict resolution within the framework of global governance, emphasizing the role of moral philosophy and theological perspectives in shaping diplomatic strategies. By integrating religious ethics with global political discourse, the research examines how faith traditions, including Confucianism, Christianity, and Islamic thought, contribute to peacebuilding, multilateral engagement, and the pursuit of global justice. Focusing on China’s approach to international governance, this study highlights the influence of Confucian moral philosophy—particularly the principles of harmony (he), collective well-being, and reciprocity—on its diplomatic and conflict-resolution strategies. Confucian ethics, deeply rooted in notions of moral governance and virtue-based leadership, intersect with broader religious traditions advocating for justice, peacemaking, and global stewardship. Through case studies such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and its mediation efforts in South Sudan, this paper examines how ethical principles inform China’s engagement in international diplomacy, balancing practical political strategies with a vision of moral responsibility and global harmony. Beyond Confucianism, this study draws comparisons with Christian and Islamic perspectives on global governance, analyzing how religious teachings on peace, justice, and stewardship shape diplomatic ethics and multilateral cooperation. By situating international governance within the broader discourse of religious and philosophical thought, the research argues that ethical and theological principles remain central to shaping fair, sustainable, and morally responsible frameworks for conflict resolution and diplomatic engagement. This study contributes to the discourse on religious philosophy and global ethics, advocating for a more integrated approach to international governance that incorporates theological reflections on justice, reconciliation, and the moral obligations of states. Future research should further explore the role of interfaith dialogue in conflict resolution and the potential for religious principles to foster ethical global governance in an increasingly interconnected world.